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Estimates on how much longer the planet will be able to continue to support life range from 500 million years (myr), to as long as 2.3 billion years (byr).[212][213][214] The future of the planet is closely tied to that of the Sun. As a result of the steady accumulation of helium at the Sun's core, the star's total luminosity will slowly increase. The luminosity of the Sun will grow by 10% over the next 1.1 byr and by 40% over the next3.5 byr.[215] Climate models indicate that the rise in radiation reaching the Earth is likely to have dire consequences, including the loss of the planet's oceans.[216]


The Earth's increasing surface temperature will accelerate the inorganic CO2 cycle, reducing its concentration to levels lethally low for plants (10 ppm for C4 photosynthesis) in approximately 500-900 myr.[212] The lack of vegetation will result in the loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, so animal life will become extinct within several million more years.[217] After another billion years all surface water will have disappeared[213] and the mean global temperature will reach 70 °C[217] (158 °F). The Earth is expected to be effectively habitable for about another 500 myr from that point,[212] although this may be extended up to 2.3 byr if the nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere.[214] Even if the Sun were eternal and stable, 27% of the water in the modern oceans will descend to the mantle in one billion years, due to reduced steam venting from mid-ocean ridges.[218]




800px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png

 

Life cycle of the Sun




The Sun, as part of its evolution, will become a red giant in about 5 byr. Models predict that the Sun will expand to roughly 1 AU (150,000,000 km), which is about 250 times its present radius.[215][219] The Earth's fate is less clear. As a red giant, the Sun will lose roughly 30% of its mass, so, without tidal effects, the Earth will move to an orbit 1.7 AU (250,000,000 km) from the Sun, when the star reaches its maximum radius. The planet was, therefore, initially expected to escape envelopment by the expanded Sun's sparse outer atmosphere, though most, if not all, remaining life would have been destroyed by the Sun's increased luminosity (peaking at about 5,000 times its present level).[215] A 2008 simulation indicates that the Earth's orbit will decay due to tidal effects and drag, causing it to enter the red giant Sun's atmosphere and be vaporized.[219]After that, the Sun's core will collapse into a white dwarf, as its outer layers are ejected into space as a planetary nebula. The matter that once made up the Earth will be released into interstellar space, where it may one day become incorporated into a new generation of planets and other celestial Modies.


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Estimates on how much longer the planet will be able to continue to support life range from 500 million years (myr), to as long as 2.3 billion years (byr).[212][213][214] The future of the planet is closely tied to that of the Sun. As a result of the steady accumulation of helium at the Sun's core, the star's total luminosity will slowly increase. The luminosity of the Sun will grow by 10% over the next 1.1 byr and by 40% over the next3.5 byr.[215] Climate models indicate that the rise in radiation reaching the Earth is likely to have dire consequences, including the loss of the planet's oceans.[216]

The Earth's increasing surface temperature will accelerate the inorganic CO2 cycle, reducing its concentration to levels lethally low for plants (10 ppm for C4 photosynthesis) in approximately 500-900 myr.[212] The lack of vegetation will result in the loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, so animal life will become extinct within several million more years.[217] After another billion years all surface water will have disappeared[213] and the mean global temperature will reach 70 °C[217] (158 °F). The Earth is expected to be effectively habitable for about another 500 myr from that point,[212] although this may be extended up to 2.3 byr if the nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere.[214] Even if the Sun were eternal and stable, 27% of the water in the modern oceans will descend to the mantle in one billion years, due to reduced steam venting from mid-ocean ridges.[218]

800px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png

Life cycle of the Sun

The Sun, as part of its evolution, will become a red giant in about 5 byr. Models predict that the Sun will expand to roughly 1 AU (150,000,000 km), which is about 250 times its present radius.[215][219] The Earth's fate is less clear. As a red giant, the Sun will lose roughly 30% of its mass, so, without tidal effects, the Earth will move to an orbit 1.7 AU (250,000,000 km) from the Sun, when the star reaches its maximum radius. The planet was, therefore, initially expected to escape envelopment by the expanded Sun's sparse outer atmosphere, though most, if not all, remaining life would have been destroyed by the Sun's increased luminosity (peaking at about 5,000 times its present level).[215] A 2008 simulation indicates that the Earth's orbit will decay due to tidal effects and drag, causing it to enter the red giant Sun's atmosphere and be vaporized.[219]After that, the Sun's core will collapse into a white dwarf, as its outer layers are ejected into space as a planetary nebula. The matter that once made up the Earth will be released into interstellar space, where it may one day become incorporated into a new generation of planets and other celestial Modies.

Nyc info....save sesukunna
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incase SUN IMPLODE aithe inwards ga oka MASS create avutundi ga....adhi saripoda??

ledu.....only huge mass vunna stars eh black hole avthai............ah mass ki some chandrasekhar  limit edo vuntadi...adi exceed iyna stars eh blackhole

avthai..

 

 

In 1931, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using special relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above a certain limiting mass (now called theChandrasekhar limit at 1.4 M) has no stable solutions.[13] His arguments were opposed by many of his contemporaries like Eddington and Lev Landau, who argued that some yet unknown mechanism would stop the collapse.[14] They were partly correct: a white dwarf slightly more massive than the Chandrasekhar limit will collapse into a neutron star,[15] which is itself stable because of the Pauli exclusion principle. But in 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above approximately 3 M (theTolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit) would collapse into black holes for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some stars from collapsing to black holes

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ledu.....only huge mass vunna stars eh black hole avthai............ah mass ki some chandrasekhar  limit edo vuntadi...adi exceed iyna stars eh blackhole

avthai..

 

 

In 1931, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using special relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above a certain limiting mass (now called theChandrasekhar limit at 1.4 M) has no stable solutions.[13] His arguments were opposed by many of his contemporaries like Eddington and Lev Landau, who argued that some yet unknown mechanism would stop the collapse.[14] They were partly correct: a white dwarf slightly more massive than the Chandrasekhar limit will collapse into a neutron star,[15] which is itself stable because of the Pauli exclusion principle. But in 1939, Robert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above approximately 3 M (theTolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit) would collapse into black holes for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some stars from collapsing to black holes

SUN kooda chala MASS vunna star e ga??? bayata UNIVERSE lo SUN kante chinna stars kooda collapse ayyi blackholes lo ki maaruthunnayi...all blackholes peddavi avvalsina avasaram ledu ga?? small med big all sizes lo vunnayi ga blackholes....so SUN kante chinna stars e BLACKHOLES ga maaarandi SUN avvaleda??

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SUN kooda chala MASS vunna star e ga??? bayata UNIVERSE lo SUN kante chinna stars kooda collapse ayyi blackholes lo ki maaruthunnayi...all blackholes peddavi avvalsina avasaram ledu ga?? small med big all sizes lo vunnayi ga blackholes....so SUN kante chinna stars e BLACKHOLES ga maaarandi SUN avvaleda??

sun ki 10 times mass vunna stars eh avthai...

 

 

  • We believe that if no anti-gravity forces exist then any star more massive than about 10 solar masses will collapse to a black hole.

     

  • The Schwarzschild radius, R, is calculated using
      • R = 2GM/c2 

         

    where G is Newton's gravitational constant, M the mass and c the speed of light. Notice that he Schwarzschild radius increases in proportion to the mass of the collapsed object. Therefore, an object that is twice as massive as another will have a Schwarzschild radius that is twice as big. 

    Example: The Sun's Schwarzschild radius is about 3 km. We conclude that if the Sun (whose radius is 700,000 km) were crushed into a sphere of radius less than or equal to 3 km the Sun would become a black hole. A black hole of mass 50 million solar masses would have a Schwarzschild radius of 150 million km, that is, 1 AU. Such a black hole would just fit within the Earth's orbit!

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